- Howson, 1997
- Echiura. In: The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas (Howson, C.M. & B.E. Picton, eds). Ulster Museum and The Marine Conservation Society, Belfast and Ross-on-Wye.
- Shipley 1903
- Echiuroidea. The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes (Gardiner, J.S. ed.). Cambridge Universuty Press.